Month: August 2023

Day 1: Introduction to C Programming

• Session 1 (3 hours): Introduction to C Programming.
• Explanation: Learn about the basics of C programming, the structure of a C program, and how to use the printf function to display output.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return 0;
}

Assignment 1: Write a program that displays “Hello, World!” on the screen.

Output:

  Hello, World!

Assignment 2: Create a program that calculates the area of a rectangle using user-provided width and height.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    float width, height, area;

    printf("Enter width: ");
    scanf("%f", &width);

    printf("Enter height: ");
    scanf("%f", &height);

    area = width * height;
    printf("Area: %.2f\n", area);

    return 0;
}

Output (example):

  Enter width: 4.5
  Enter height: 7.2
  Area: 32.40

• Session 2 (3 hours): Data types, variables, and basic input/output.
• Explanation: Learn about different data types, how to declare variables, and use the scanf function to read user input. Perform basic arithmetic calculations.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int num1, num2, sum;

    printf("Enter two numbers: ");
    scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

    sum = num1 + num2;
    printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);

    return 0;
}

• Assignment 1: Write a program that takes user input for two numbers, adds them, and displays the result. Output (example):

  Enter two numbers: 3 5
  Sum: 8

Assignment 2: Develop a program that converts temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius.

“`c
#include

int main() {
    float fahrenheit, celsius;

    printf("Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: ");
    scanf("%f", &fahrenheit);

    celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9;
    printf("Temperature in Celsius: %.2f\n", celsius);

    return 0;
}

Output (example):

  Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: 68
  Temperature in Celsius: 20.00

Day 2: Control Flow and Functions

• Session 1 (3 hours): Conditional statements (if, else if, else), logical operators.
• Explanation: Learn about conditional statements to make decisions in your program based on conditions. Use logical operators to combine conditions.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int num;

    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num);

    if (num > 0) {
        printf("Positive\n");
    } else if (num < 0) {
        printf("Negative\n");
    } else {
        printf("Zero\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

• Assignment 1: Write a program that checks if a given number is positive, negative, or zero.
  Output (example):

  Enter a number: -7
  Negative

• Assignment 2: Create a program that determines the largest of three user-provided numbers.

```c
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int num1, num2, num3, largest;

    printf("Enter three numbers: ");
    scanf("%d %d %d", &num1, &num2, &num3);

    if (num1 >= num2 && num1 >= num3) {
        largest = num1;
    } else if (num2 >= num1 && num2 >= num3) {
        largest = num2;
    } else {
        largest = num3;
    }

    printf("Largest: %d\n", largest);

    return 0;
}
```

Output (example):

  Enter three numbers: 15 9 12
  Largest: 15

• Session 2 (3 hours): Loops (while, for) and switch statements.
• Explanation: Learn how to create loops for repetitive tasks using while and for. Use the switch statement for multiple choices.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int num, i;

    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num);

    for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        printf("%d * %d = %d\n", num, i, num * i);
    }

    return 0;
}

• Assignment 1: Implement a program that prints a multiplication table for a given number. Output (example):

  Enter a number: 7
  7 * 1 = 7
  7 * 2 = 14
  ...
  7 * 10 = 70

Assignment 2: Write a program that calculates the sum of all even numbers between 1 and a user-provided limit using a loop.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int limit, sum = 0, i;

    printf("Enter a limit: ");
    scanf("%d", &limit);

    for (i = 2; i <= limit; i += 2) {
        sum += i;
    }

    printf("Sum of even numbers: %d\n", sum);

    return 0;
}

Output (example):

  Enter a limit: 10
  Sum of even numbers: 30

Day 3: Arrays and Strings

• Session 1 (3 hours): Introduction to arrays, declaring and initializing arrays.
• Explanation: Learn about arrays, how to declare them, and access their elements. Understand the concept of indexing and looping through arrays.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

    printf("Third element: %d\n", numbers[2]);

    return 0;
}

• Assignment 1: Write a program to find the sum of all elements in an array. Output (example):

  Sum of array elements: 150

• Assignment 2: Develop a program that finds the smallest element in an array of integers.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int array[5] = {25, 10, 15, 20, 5};
    int smallest = array[0], i;

    for (i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
        if (array[i] < smallest) {
            smallest = array[i];
        }
    }

    printf("Smallest element: %d\n", smallest);

    return 0;
}

Output (example):

  Smallest element: 5

• Session 2 (3 hours): Introduction to strings, string functions (strlen, strcpy, etc.).
• Explanation: Learn about strings in C, which are arrays of characters. Explore various string functions for manipulation.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    char name[20] = "John";
    printf("Hello, %s!\n", name);

    return 0;
}

• Assignment 1: Create a program that checks if a given string is a palindrome. Output (example):

  Enter a string: radar
  Palindrome

Assignment 2: Write a program that counts the number of vowels in a user-provided string.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char str[100];
    int i, vowels = 0;

    printf("Enter a string: ");
    scanf("%s", str);

    for (i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) {
        char ch = tolower(str[i]);
        if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
            vowels++;
        }
    }

    printf("Number of vowels: %d\n", vowels);

    return 0;
}

Output (example):

  Enter a string: education
  Number of vowels: 5

Day 4: Pointers and Memory Management

• Session 1 (3 hours): Pointers, pointer arithmetic, and references.
• Explanation: Learn about pointers, memory addresses, and how to use pointers to manipulate variables and arrays.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int num = 5;
    int *ptr = &num;

    printf("Value of num: %d\n", num);
    printf("Value at ptr: %d\n", *ptr);

    return 0;
}

• Assignment 1: Write a program that swaps the values of two variables using pointers. Output (example):

  Before swapping: num1 = 5, num2 = 10
  After swapping: num1 = 10, num2 = 5

• Assignment 2: Develop a program that uses pointers to reverse an array of integers. Output (example):

  Original array: 5 10 15 20 25
  Reversed array: 25 20 15 10 5

• Session 2 (3 hours): Dynamic memory allocation (malloc, free) and memory leaks.
• Explanation: Understand dynamic memory allocation using malloc, and how to free allocated memory using free. Learn to prevent memory leaks.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
    int *arr;
    int n, i, sum = 0;

    printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);

    arr = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));

    if (arr == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printf("Enter element %d: ", i + 1);
        scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
        sum += arr[i];
    }

    printf("Average: %.2f\n", (float)sum / n);

    free(arr);

    return 0;
}

• Assignment 1: Implement a program that dynamically creates an array, populates it with user input, and calculates the average. Output (example):

  Enter the number of elements: 4
  Enter element 1: 12
  Enter element 2: 15
  Enter element 3: 20
  Enter element 4: 10
  Average: 14.25

Assignment 2: Write a program that removes duplicates from an array using dynamic memory allocation.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int* removeDuplicates(int *arr, int *size) {
    int *temp = (int *)malloc(*size * sizeof(int));

    if (temp == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    // ... code to remove duplicates ...

    return temp;
}

int main() {
    // ... code to input array ...

    int *result = removeDuplicates(array, &size);

    // ... code to display result ...

    free(result);

    return 0;
}

Output (example):

  Original array: 5 10 15 10 20 25 15 30
  Array after removing duplicates: 5 10 15 20 25 30

Day 5: Functions, Structures, and File I/O

• Session 1 (3 hours): Functions, function prototypes, and header files.
• Explanation: Learn about functions, how to declare and define them. Understand the concept of recursion for solving problems.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int factorial(int n) {
    if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
        return 1;
    }
    return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

int main() {
    int num;

    printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &num);

    printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", num, factorial(num));

    return 0;
}

• Assignment 1: Write a program that calculates the factorial of a given number using a recursive function. Output (example):

  Enter a positive integer: 5
  Factorial of 5 is 120

Assignment 2: Create a program that calculates the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence using a recursive function.

#include <stdio.h>

int fibonacci(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) {
        return n;
    }
    return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
}

int main() {
    int num;

    printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &num);

    printf("Fibonacci(%d) = %d\n", num, fibonacci(num));

    return 0;
}

Output (example):

  Enter a positive integer: 7
  Fibonacci(7) = 13

• Session 2 (3 hours): Introduction to structures and file I/O.
• Explanation: Learn about structures, how to define them, and how to use them to group related data. Explore file input/output operations.
• Syntax Example:

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student {
    char name[50];
    int marks[3];
};

int main() {
    struct Student student1;

    printf("Enter student name: ");
    scanf("%s", student1.name);

    printf("Enter marks for three subjects: ");
    scanf("%d %d %d", &student1.marks[0], &student1.marks[1], &student1.marks[2]);

    // ... code to calculate grade ...

    return 0;
}

• Assignment 1: Develop a program that reads data from a text file, calculates the sum and average, and writes the results to another file. Output (example):

  Sum: 85
  Average: 17.00

Assignment 2: Write a program that reads student data from a file, calculates their grades, and outputs the result to another file.

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student {
    char name[50];
    int marks[3];
};

char calculateGrade(int marks) {
    // ... code to calculate grade ...
}

int main() {
    FILE *inputFile = fopen("students.txt", "r");

FILE *outputFile = fopen(“grades.txt”, “w”);

    struct Student student;

    while (fscanf(inputFile, "%s %d %d %d", student.name, &student.marks[0], &student.marks[1], &student.marks[2]) != EOF) {
        // ... code to calculate grade ...

        fprintf(outputFile, "Student Name: %s\n", student.name);
        fprintf(outputFile, "Marks: %d %d %d\n", student.marks[0], student.marks[1], student.marks[2]);
        fprintf(outputFile, "Grade: %c\n", calculateGrade(totalMarks));
    }

    fclose(inputFile);
    fclose(outputFile);

    return 0;
}

Output (example):

  Student Name: John Doe
  Marks: 80 85 90
  Grade: A

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student {
    char name[50];
    int marks[3];
};

char calculateGrade(int marks) {
    // ... code to calculate grade ...
}

int main() {
    FILE *inputFile = fopen("students.txt", "r");


    FILE *outputFile = fopen("grades.txt", "w");

    struct Student student;

    while (fscanf(inputFile, "%s %d %d %d", student.name, &student.marks[0], &student.marks[1], &student.marks[2]) != EOF) {
        // ... code to calculate grade ...

        fprintf(outputFile, "Student Name: %s\n", student.name);
        fprintf(outputFile, "Marks: %d %d %d\n", student.marks[0], student.marks[1], student.marks[2]);
        fprintf(outputFile, "Grade: %c\n", calculateGrade(totalMarks));
    }

    fclose(inputFile);
    fclose(outputFile);

    return 0;
}

Output (example):

  Student Name: John Doe
  Marks: 80 85 90
  Grade: A