Category: Linux

create project and verify with normal url

mkdir /var/www/html/myproject

vim index.html

<h1>Hello World</h1>

vim index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

Create server block conf file

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/myproject.conf

server {
  listen 8082 default_server;
  server_name _;

  index index.php index.html;

  root /var/www/html/myproject;

  location ~ \.php$
  {
      include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
      fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
  }
}

Test nginx configuration

nginx -t

restart nginx

sudo service nginx restart
OR
sudo systemctl restart nginx

For Laravel Project
Specify path till public directory

User

List all users

cat /etc/passwd

List specific user

cat /etc/passwd | grep username
OR
grep username /etc/passwd

Create new user

useradd username

Delete existing user

userdel username

Set user password or update password

passwd username

You can use shortcut to add new user. Using following command you can create user set password and create home directory for newly added user

adduser username
ls -l /home/username

Rename existing user

usermod --login new-name old-name

Group

List all groups

cat /etc/group

List specific group

cat /etc/group | grep groupname
cat /etc/group | grep ^groupname
grep groupname /etc/group
grep ^groupname /etc/group

Add new group

groupadd group-name

Delete existing group

groupdel group-name

List all members of specific group

getent group group-name

Add new member in specific groups

usermod -a -G group-name1,group-name2,... user-name

Check in which groups user exist

groups user-name

Remove user from specific group

gpasswd -d user-name group-name

Permission

---

---

---

Permission List

• 7 – 111 => read write execute
• 6 – 110 => read write –
• 5 – 101 => read – execute
• 4 – 100 => read – –
• 3 – 011 => – write execute
• 2 – 010 => – write –
• 1 – 001 => – – execute
• 0 – 000 => no permission

How to change permission

chmod -Rf 777 path-to-file-or-directory

How to give only specific permission

#only executable
chmod -Rf +x path-to-file-or-directory

#only writable
chmod -Rf +w path-to-file-or-directory

#only readable
chmod -Rf +r path-to-file-or-directory

How to give permission to only specific role

#only owner
chmod -Rf u+x path-to-file-or-directory

#only group
chmod -Rf g+x path-to-file-or-directory

#only others
chmod -Rf o+x path-to-file-or-directory

Ownership

---

How to change ownership of any file or directory

chown -Rf user:group path-to-file-or-directory

to open file

vim filename

copy/cut paste

yy => p
dd => p
v => select lines to copy => y => goto line where need to paste => p
v => select lines to cut => d => goto line where need to paste => p

to undo and redo

Esc
u u u u 

Esc
Ctrl + R Ctrl + R

to open file in read mode

vim -R filename

to open file on specific line number

vim filename +10

insert mode

i
o

escape / command mode

Esc

to write file

:w
:wq
:x

to minimize vim editor

Ctrl + Z

to see minimized files in vim

jobs

to see background job

bg

to open specific jobs or bring it to foreground

fg 1
fg +
fg -

search any word in vim editor

/word
/word\c
/word\C
#then press N or Shift + N

search and replace word

:%s/word/replacewith/i
:%s/word/replacewith/g

go to specific line

:10
:1
:$

show/hide line numbers in vim editor

:set number
:set nonumber

set tabstop

:set tabstop=4

set font color

:colorscheme murphy

vimdiff difference between 2 files

vimdiff file1 file2
#difference put
dp
#difference obtain
do