Nginx

Location root vs alias

http {

	server {

		listen 8081;
		root /var/www/html/websites;

		#with root no need to specify in url as location automatically append to root
		location /sqr {
			root /var/www/html/websites;
		}

		#with alias need to specify in url as location does not append to alias
		location /test {
			alias /var/www/html/websites/vegetables/;
			try_files $uri veggies.html =404;
		}

		#with regex add try_files directive
		location ~* /foo$ {
			alias /var/www/html/websites/fruits/site;
			try_files $uri $uri/index.html =404;
		}

		#with regex add try_files directive above will serve only till foo but below code will serve after foo also e.g. http://site.com/foo/abc.html
		location ~* /foo {
			alias /var/www/html/websites/fruits/site;
			try_files $uri $uri/index.html =404;
		}

	}

}

events {}

nginx -s reload

Check using following url

http://yoursite/sqr

http://yoursite/test

http://yoursite/foo/

Redirect and Rewrite

#this will redirect to foo and also changes the URL
location /bar {
	return 307 /foo;
}

#this will rewrite the url i.e. URL would not change URL will be fizz and content will load from foo 
rewrite /fizz /foo;

Nginx as a Load Balancer

# Define an upstream block to group backend servers
upstream backend_servers {
    # List of backend servers
    server backend1.example.com:8080;
    server backend2.example.com:8080;
    server backend3.example.com:8080;
    server backend4.example.com:8080;
}



server {
    listen 80;  # Listen on port 80

    # Define the server name (domain or IP)
    server_name www.example.com;

    # Location block to define how requests should be handled
    location / {
        # Use the defined upstream group for proxying requests
        proxy_pass http://backend_servers;
}

Run from terminal

while true; do curl -s http://www.example.com; sleep 1; done;

Example

you can run 2 servers locally using php -S or using docker containers by mapping 2 ports

http {

	upstream backend_servers {
		server localhost:1234;
		server localhost:4567;
	}


	server {

		listen 8081;
		#root /var/www/html/websites;


		location / {
			proxy_pass http://backend_servers;
		}


	}

}

events {}

PHP FPM socket configuration

user www-data;

events {}

http {

    root /var/www/samosa;


    server {

        access_log /var/log/nginx/samosa-access.log;
        error_log /var/log/nginx/samosa-error.log;

        error_page 404 /404.html;

        location ~ \.php$ {
            include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
        }
    }
}

create project and verify with normal url

mkdir /var/www/html/myproject

vim index.html

<h1>Hello World</h1>

vim index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

Create server block conf file

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/myproject.conf

server {
  listen 8082 default_server;
  server_name _;

  index index.php index.html;

  root /var/www/html/myproject;

  location ~ \.php$
  {
      include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
      fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
  }
}

Test nginx configuration

nginx -t

restart nginx

sudo service nginx restart
OR
sudo systemctl restart nginx

For Laravel Project
Specify path till public directory

Need to explore

worker process

log format

weight in upstream

upstream block ip:port down

nginx plus

directives – listen root index access_log error_log

access_log off;

error_log debug;
error_log warn;

$scheme variable

include /etc/nginx/mime.types;

nginx vs haproxy